Mpox

What causes the disease?

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a virus that can be transmitted both between animals and humans as well as between humans. Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is a type of so-called orthopox virus. It occurs in both mild and severe forms and before 2022, transmission to humans was rare.

How is Mpox transmitted?

Transmission occurs mainly through close physical contact, with sexual contact posing a particularly high risk. In a few cases, the virus has also been spread indirectly, for example through towels, bedding or sex toys. The virus can be present in the respiratory tract and the Public Health Agency of Sweden does not rule out the possibility of infection from the respiratory tract. Mpox can also be spread from mother to newborn, especially during childbirth.

How to protect yourself against Mpox?

Infection can be prevented by avoiding contact with infected individuals. Vaccination is recommended for people with compromised immune systems who are more likely to become seriously ill from Mpox – this includes people living with HIV who are on PrEP treatment.

What symptoms can you get?

Common symptoms of Mpox include blisters or sores on the face and around the mouth, genitals and anus, as well as the trunk, arms, legs, hands and feet. The virus can also cause fever, pain, swollen lymph nodes and problems with bowel movements.

How is the examination and testing done?

A diagnosis can be made by taking a sample of the virus’ genetic material for laboratory analysis.

Where can I get tested?

You can get tested at any health center, family doctor’s office, youth clinic, skin and vein clinic, sexual and reproductive health clinic, and specialized clinics for sexually transmitted infections. You can find phone numbers and links to many of the clinics here.

How is Mpox treated?

Most people don’t need treatment, but in severe cases, there are medicines that can be given to reduce the symptoms or the infection.

How common is the disease?

During the 2022 outbreak, over 20,000 cases of Mpox were reported in the EU/EEA. In Sweden, Mpox is most commonly transmitted between men who have sex with men.

What does the Infectious Diseases Act say?

Mpox is classified as a generally hazardous and communicable disease under the Swedish Infectious Diseases Act. All cases must be reported to an infectious disease doctor and to the Public Health Agency of Sweden.